H910-1960s


 * 1960s ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS: **

1. What were the roots of the civil rights movement? ANSWER: Brown v. Board of Education: This was the turning point when racial segregation became illegal Little Rock Nine: When nine African Americans were segregated in an all white school Montgomery Bus Boycott: Was when African Americans were forced to sit in the back of the bus
 * Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
 * Little Rock Nine (1957)
 * Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955)

2. Which of the following made segregation illegal A. Plessey V Ferguson B. Brown V Board of Education C. ERA D. 20th Amendment

3. What court case did Brown v. Board of Education overturn? A. Roe v. Wade B. Texas v. Johnson C. Plessy v. Ferguson D. Gideon v. Wainwright E. Dred Scott v. Sanford

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">4. Purposely defying a law to challenge an unjust law is known as. <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">A. containment <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">B. planned obsolescence <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">C. soul force <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">D. civil disobedience <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">E. freedom ride

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">5. Which of the following was NOT used by African Americans desiring equality in the period following World War II to 1960? <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">A. Calls for widespread violent demonstrations and responses by Blacks to mistreatments. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">B. nonviolent sit-ins in places where segregation was taking place. <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">C. boycotts to economically hurt racist white businesses <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">D. formation of Civil Rights groups (to organize grass root efforts (freedom rides, marches, etc.) <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">E. Groups like the NAACP used the courts as a means to change racist policies. They brought a series of cases demanding equal treatment.

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">6. What were the positive social and cultural changes of the 1960s? ANSWER:
 * Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. gave his "I Have a Dream" speech at the Lincoln Memorial. The significance of his speech was the attention it brought to the civil rights movement.
 * Beatles released their first hit single "I Wanna Hold your Hand." This song was the first song that broke them into the American culture and began to gain American fans.
 * Gallon of gas cost 30 cents. The significance of only having to pay 30 cents per gallon is it was so cheap and easier to travel. Nowadays you can't get around without having to pay 4.20$ per gallon
 * The Ford Mustang becomes the most popular car in this era. The significance of this car being manufactured was it was a definition of the Baby Boom and to break away from the safe automobile to the sleek flashy sporty car.

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">7. What were the negative social and cultural changes of the 1960s? ANSWER:
 * Three Civil Rights workers are killed in Mississippi (1964). The significance of this was showing how desperately we needed to gain equal rights for everyone in the generations to come after the 1960s.
 * John F. Kennedy (Our 35th president) is assassinated (1963)

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">8. What domestic and foreign challenges were facing the U.S. at the start of the 1960s? ANSWER: The United States had to handle foreign affairs such as the Cold War with the Soviet Union and the proxy war in VIetnam. We had many scares of violent outbreak with the Cuban Missile Crisis and the failed Bay of Pigs invasion. On domestic ground, the civil rights movement was at a peak of unrest and the without reform a revolution was imminent. The Great Society of Lyndon B. Johnson fought to end the poverty and hunger in the United States which was at a high since the Great Depression.

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">9. The thirteen-day Cuban missile crisis of 1962 <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">A. brought the world’s two superpowers dangerously close to nuclear war. <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">B. followed the accidental firing of a missile at the U.S. Guantanamo naval base. <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">C. weakened President Kennedy’s international standing. <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">D. ended with Fidel Castro’s promise to hold democratic elections in Cuba.

<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">10.In response to finding Soviet missile sites in Cuba, JFK <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">A. blockaded the island of Cuba <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">B. orders the Bay of Pigs invasion <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">C. launched attacks on the missile sites <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">D. sank a number of Russian ships

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">11. What were President Kennedy’s motivations for increasing involvement in Vietnam? ANSWER: President Kennedy was a supporter of the "Domino Theory", which stated that if other countries fell to communism it would create a domino effect and cause a uncontainable spread of communist governments. Also Kennedy felt that the reputation of the United States had been tarnished by the Bay of Pigs fiasco and the building of the Berlin Wall. To come to the aid of South Vietnam would help assert the United States as a world power once again.

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">12. What were the major accomplishments of LBJ’s Great Society? ANSWER: There were four main factions to Lyndon Johnson's Great Society; Civil Rights, The War on Poverty, Education, and Healthcare. **Civil Rights** - Johnson helped pass the Civil Rights Act of 1964 which was a giant step forward in ending racial discrimination. Johnson also passed the Voting Rights Act of 1965 which forbade voting discrimination. **War on Poverty** - This was the most ambitious goal of the Great Society as Johnson intended to put an end to poverty and deprivation. It cost 1 billion dollars just to launch and overall cost about 3 billion because of even more spending in subsequent years. It launched programs to help the less fortunate such as Job Corps and VISTA (Volunteers in Service to America). **Education** - Passed the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 which allotted more than 1 billion dollars in aid to public school funding, which was unprecedented. **Healthcare** - Instituted Medicare and Medicaid which were federal funded healthcare programs that administered to those who had very little and they are widely known as "socialized medicine."

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">13. Johnson’s Great Society contained <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">A. The War on Poverty <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">B. Medicare <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">C. Medicaid <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">D. all of the above

<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">14.How did the Kennedy and Johnson administrations exemplify a liberal vision of federal government? ANSWER: Kennedy and Johnson administrations did all they could to help the country. They provided money and aid for many causes such as education. They also increased the greater good of the people by passing civil right legislation, working with the poverty of the country, and even supporting the medicare programs offered to Americans. By involving and supporitng these causes Kennedy and Johnson really showed effort to become a more liberal government.

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">15. What difficulties did JFK face in getting civil rights legislation passed? ANSWER: America was not in agreement whatsoever with the civil rights legislation, so as Kennedy tried to pass it, many opposed it. By pushing for this to be passed through congress, it could take a damage on Kennedy's presidential running. Just like the rest of the country, congress was also split up. Mostly the Democrats coming from the south objected and some republicans. Kennedy was in fear of causing a split in the Democratic party.

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">16. Explain the Gulf of Tonkin incident and its significance to American foreign policy? How did LBJ respond to the incident? What considerations, domestic and international, contributed to his course of action? ANSWER: The Golf of Tonkin incident was in August of 1964, when reports came back to America that the ships Maddox and Turner Joy were attacked by North Vietnam. Johnson claimed that these two ships were not being aggressive at all, but that North Vietnam was. By claiming and responding in such outrage, congress gave permission to LBJ to do anything necessary to fight or attack back. It turned out that none of this was true. Maddox was indeed he aggressor and was sent to spy by South Vietnam. Maddox also was the one who fired the first shots, while Turner joy was never even attacked. By claiming and going along with these false accusations, Johnson was then allowed to expand the war without seeming eager for war.



<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">17. What was LBJ’s strategy for the war in Vietnam? Why wasn’t this strategy successful? ANSWER: LBJ's strategy for war was to use air force. By bombing transportation, supplies, and weapons the enemy would be essentially unable to fight and it would weaken them dramatically. This strategy was unsuccessful because North Vietnamese were able to make a easy recovery after several attacks. They even started to build underground so LBJ's method would not effect them anymore.

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">18. The item that gave President Lyndon Johnson to use whatever means necessary to win the Vietnam War? <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">A. The Tet Offensive <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">B. The Emancipation Vietnamization <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">C. The Viet Cong Conclusion <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">D. The Gulf of Tonkin Bill of Rights <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">E. The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">.

<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">19.The Viet Cong were: <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">A. Japanese immigrants from Hong Kong who provided the South Vietnamese with weapons and technology <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">B. Vietnamese people who fought on the American side <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">C. an underground guerilla army formed by North Vietnam <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">D. a type of Vietnamese soldier for south Vietnam <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">E. a grenade made by Japanese immigrants from Hong Kong