Z13-1970s


 * 1970s PRESENTATIONS **
 * All information, evidence, and materials from the presentation must be uploaded to this wiki.
 * Effectively present in-depth information that meets YOUR learning target(s).
 * Explain YOUR cultural topic(s) and how/why they are significant to the decade
 * Presentation must be **creative and unique**, allowing the audience to **experience** the decade (do not rely solely on a PowerPoint presentation)
 * Information (pertaining to YOUR learning targets) is presented in a creative, unique, well-organized and easy to understand format.
 * Presentation includes pictures, tables, interviews, and artifacts that are thoroughly explained and help the viewer understand YOUR learning target(s) and cultural topic(s).

===DIRECTIONS FOR INSERTING CONTENT (if more than one person in your group is using PowerPoint, Prezi, Glogster, etc. then you MUST combine the presentations and upload only one file) ===

1. SAVE the file to your computer (to your desktop or another folder)2. Click on the button in the center of the editing tool bar.3. Click on "Upload Files" button4. Locate your file on your computer and click "Choose"5. Click on the image that you have just uploaded and it will immediately be placed in your document.

= INSERT ALL CONTENT FOR PRESENTATION HERE: =

= ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... =


 * 1970s ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS: **
 * All questions on the Assessment Question sheet are included and answered correctly and thoroughly on this wiki page.
 * Thoroughly explains the answers to the questions related to his/her learning targets.
 * Answers are supplemented by examples, images, charts and/or graphs.

**1.** What issues influenced Americans’ opinions of the War in Vietnam? Answer: The draft upset people because it was viewed as wrong and unfair.The number of US casualties also influenced peoples' opinions. The government actions towards the war also influenced opinions because of such things like Invasion of Cambodia, which actually escalated the war, and getting involved in the war itself. The US people were displeased with the government's actions in the war because many people felt getting involved was unnecessary. Protests were held for the war nationwide to bring home the troops and to make peace and not war.

2. “Doves” opposed the war in Vietnam on the following grounds A. Vietnam was not crucial to national security B. fear that the U.S. would resort to using nuclear weapons in Vietnam C. the U.S. was fighting against the wishes of the majority of Vietnamese. D. all war is wrong E. all of the above

3. One of the practical reasons for protesting the Vietnam War was the belief that A. the war could not be won B. no country has the right to interfere in the government of another C. the Vietnamese people had suffered unfairly D. the logic driving the Cold War was fundamentally unsound.

4. What were the results of the Vietnam War? ANSWER: USA promised to withdraw troops and help rebuild the country, though Nixon secretly pledged to help South Vietnam if North Vietnam attacked again. North Vietnam pushed deep into South Vietnam in 1972 during the Easter Offensive, but were eventually halted by USA air power in Operation Linebacker. However, as US forces continually declined, North Vietnam pushed steadily southward after South Vietnam's weak government collapsed. US and the remaining South Vietnamese troops retreated to Saigon, where the US military evacuated thousands of Americans still living there only hours before the NVA entered the city. Finally, on April 30, 1975, after martial law was declared as anarchy ensued, South Vietnam surrendered unconditionally. 185,000 S. Vietnamese soldiers and 500,000 S. Vietnamese civilians died (as well as thousands of others after the North Vietnamese government took over). 1 million Vietcong and NVA died, as well as 879,000 Vietnamese children orphaned and 181,000 disabled. 2 million Americans fought in Vietnam. 58,000 died, 300,000 were wounded, 2,500 were MIA and 600 were POWs. Many other soldiers were severely disabled.

5. Why did the United States reject North Vietnam’s peace plan in October 1972? A. it called for a pullout of all foreign troops B. it called for the United States to take full blame for the war C. it did not include plans for a cease fire D. it would have meant a loss of power for South Vietnam’s president ANSWER: In the fall of 1972 North Vietnam and USA began secretly negotiating for peace. However, the plan for peace that North Vietnam proposed was very harsh towards the USA and especially South Vietnam, demanding the Southern President's removal. These harsh terms were deemed unacceptable by South Vietnam, and the peace plan got stuck in deadlock between the North and the South. The USA remained behind the South and when North and South Vietnamese both refused to compromise on peace, the USA rejected the peace accords and continued with the war.

6. Richard Nixon's strategy for ending American involvement in the Vietnam War entailed A. immediate withdrawal of all American combat troops and a formal surrender B. turning the war over to the South Vietnamese army after an appropriate period of military training C. involving the United Nations in a peacekeeping role before American withdrawal from the region D. using nuclear weapons to weaken the North Vietnamese prior to American withdrawal E. giving the North American Treaty Organization primary responsibility for continuing the war against the communists in the North ANSWER: Nixon's plan to end US involvement Vietnam was dubbed "Vietnamization". After the Easter Offensive in 1972, most military experts agreed that the poorer-trained and ill equipped South Vietnamese could not survive without USA military aid. However, faced with increased domestic protests, Nixon continued US withdrawal until the end of US involvement in 1975.

[|Troops in Vietnam 1970s Change5.gif]

7. Describe the long-term significance of the war in Vietnam. ANSWER: Vietnam became one, Communist Country. The war also caused mass damage and casualties in Laos. The war launched a communist government into Cambodia, who killed 1/5 of all Cambodians in mass genocide. Vietnam then invaded Cambodia in 1978, causing China to invade Vietnam in 1979, leading to another genocide of 3,000 Vietnamese civilians and large casualties in these three countries. Thousands of refugees from these areas fled to the USA, and dubbed "boat people" because they came over on rickety boats with little to no possessions. However, all of Southeast Asia did not fall to Communism as feared. Agent Orange, used in chemical warfare in Vietnam, gave veterans and Vietnamese people a higher cancer and disability rate. In addition to this, US veterans were shunned when they returned home due to the unpopularity of the war. The war also caused an increased distrust in US government, both at home and abroad, as the government had purposely lied to the American people and the world stage on multiple occasions. Despite the public's desire to forget about the war forever, soon after the US government commissioned a memorial to the event. The Vietnam War Memorial, in Washington, D.C., is now the most visited memorial in the capitol.

8. What were President Nixon’s foreign policy achievements and mistakes? ANSWER: Nixon did a lot of good things. He helped end the war in Vietnam and brought the troops home. He also eased tensions with communist countries, Russia and China. He even was able to persuade both countries to lower their supporter to the Northern Vietnamese in the war. However, he made a huge mistakes. He authorized the Invasion of Cambodia which brought Cambodia into the war and killed many innocent people of Cambodia. This escalated the war and angered the people of the US.

9. One of President Nixon's most important diplomatic initiatives was to A. reunite Vietnam B. open diplomatic relations between China and the United States. C. establish a forum for discussions of human rights D. pressure China to recognize Taiwan E. end the Cold War

10.Why and how did Republican President Richard Nixon expand the liberal reforms of previous administrations? ANSWER:The economy was poor with unemployment and inflation increasing rapidly. This caused the administration to impose price freezes on for a short period of time. This temporarily worked but in 1974 inflation went up to 12%.

11.What was the Arab oil embargo of 1973? How did it negatively affect the U.S.? ANSWER: In the Yom Kippur war, the U.S. government supported Israel, which outraged several arabian nations. An organization called OPEC ( Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) cut of the oil export to the United States as a punishment. Negative effects were that the oil prices rose by 400 %, which caused an increase in the prices of gasoline and electricity, resulting in shortages and American people not being able to afford heating for their homes or gasoline for their cars.

12.How did the American people respond to the Watergate scandal? ANSWER: The American people were displeased with the lies of president Nixon and Ford's complete pardon. Also, they began to lose their trust in the government and elected federal representatives.

13.The Watergate scandal reshaped the relationship between politicians and the media. Nixon's cover-up of his own involvement in the scandal resulted in A. his impeachment B. his resignation C. a demonstration of how the three branches of government work together for the same political goal D. the loss of the trust of the American people and a Democratic landslide in the next general elections E. All of the above

14.Why were the Equal Rights Amendment and the policy of affirmative action such controversial topics in the 1970s? ANSWER: The ERA banned any different treatment given to a person based on that person's sex. Many homemakers and middle-class women and men as attacks on traditional family life. They viewed the ERA as a measure aimed at benefiting working, upper class women. They claimed ERA was aimed at getting women into the workforce and leaving the traditional path of staying at home to raise children. Many women's rights groups feared the ERA would actually hurt women, erasing all distinctions between men and women (for example, under the amendment women's and men's bathrooms might have to be become coed, women would be able to be drafted, ect.). Affirmative action was controversial because many whites viewed it as reverse discrimination, saying that forcing businesses and institutions to meet race quotas was racist to both blacks and whites. Many civil rights groups viewed the measure as necessary to raise African American standards of living, since at that time and even today a larger percentage of blacks are underprivileged as compared to whites. The Supreme Court ruled affirmative action "race quotas" unconstitutional.

15.The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) was defeated because A. Congress would not pass it B. it was held to be unconstitutional. C. not enough state legislatures passed it. D. Betty Friedan opposed it E. Richard Nixon vetoed it. ANSWER: The ERA remained controversial throughout its proposition, with large opposition from the middle class, homemakers, women's rights, and conservative and religious groups. The Amendment passed Congress, however, but still fell short in the state legislators, not gaining the necessary 3/4 of states approval to pass the amendment.



RATIFIED RATIFIED, THEN RESCINDED NOT RATIFIED, BUT APPROVED BY ONE HOUSE OF STATE LEGISLATURE NOT RATIFIED

16.How and why did the energy crisis and the Middle East pose significant challenges for President Carter? ANSWER: President Jimmy Carter was considered the unlucky president of America's history. Right after he took office, the "energy crisis" emerged. The energy crisis rose doubts about the future of American power and prosperity. President Jimmy Carter was very sensitive to these developments and shared his skepticism with American citizens. However, he had a lot of confidence that his personal qualities could end the leadership crisis. In July of 1979, President Jimmy Carter delivered "Crisis of Confidence" as a response to the energy crisis. His speech urged American citizens to reduce their use of energy to help lessen American dependence on foreign oil supplies.Carter wore sweatpants and sweatshirts in the white house rather than using heat, he urged American's to do the same.He also urged Americans to install solar water heating panels to their homes. However, President Carter did not end this crisis.

17.In response to the nation’s dependence on foreign oil, President Carter established the A. Department of Energy B. Department of Health and Human Services C. Energy Protection Agency D. Bureau of Energy Conservation President Carter said that the country will "never again use more foreign oil than we did in 1977." Carter created the department of energy to regulate existing energy suppliers and fund research on new sources of energy, particularly sustainable and ecologically sound sources. The first step was to lower gas prices!

18.The U.S. economy in the late 1970s was characterized by all of the following EXCEPT A. low interest rates B. oil shortages and increased oil prices C. massive layoffs of workers D. runaway inflation rates E. recession