Z13-1960s


 * 1960s PRESENTATIONS **
 * All information, evidence, and materials from the presentation must be uploaded to this wiki.
 * Effectively present in-depth information that meets YOUR learning target(s).
 * Explain YOUR cultural topic(s) and how/why they are significant to the decade
 * Presentation must be **creative and unique**, allowing the audience to **experience** the decade (do not rely solely on a PowerPoint presentation)
 * Information (pertaining to YOUR learning targets) is presented in a creative, unique, well-organized and easy to understand format.
 * Presentation includes pictures, tables, interviews, and artifacts that are thoroughly explained and help the viewer understand YOUR learning target(s) and cultural topic(s).

DIRECTIONS FOR INSERTING CONTENT (if more than one person in your group is using PowerPoint, Prezi, Glogster, etc. then you MUST combine the presentations and upload only one file)
1. SAVE the file to your computer (to your desktop or another folder)2. Click on the button in the center of the editing tool bar.3. Click on "Upload Files" button4. Locate your file on your computer and click "Choose"5. Click on the image that you have just uploaded and it will immediately be placed in your document.

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 * 1960s ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS: **
 * All questions on the Assessment Question sheet are included and answered correctly and thoroughly on this wiki page.
 * Thoroughly explains the answers to the questions related to his/her learning targets.
 * Answers are supplemented by examples, images, charts and/or graphs.

1. What were the roots of the civil rights movement? ANSWER: __Brown v. the Board of Education:__ In the case of Brown v. the Board of Education the plaintiffs alleged that segregation was unconstitutional under the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. In the case, the judges cited the Plessy v. Ferguson, which allowed separate but equal school systems, and no supreme court had overturned that case yet. The Board of Education also stated that segregated schools prepared black children for the segregation that they would be facing during adulthood. On the other hand, a witness pointed out the separating children into different schools based on color had an effect on the colored children because it caused a sense of inferiority which effected their motivation to learn. In the end, the court came to a decision that the "separate but equal" public schools was unconstitutional, because it violated the Equal Protection Clause of the fourteenth amendment. Although this case didn't abolish segregation in other public places, such as restaurants and restrooms, it was a giant step toward complete desegregation. __Little Rock Nine:__ After the ruling in the case of Brown v. the Board of Education, the Little Rock school board announced that they would be complying with the courts decision. Little Rock Nine consisted of nine African American students who were integrated into the Little Rock's Central High on September 3, 1957. On the first day of school however, Governor Orval Faubus ordered the National Guard to surround the Central High and wouldn't let anyone enter the school. Soon after, the NAACP turned to the federal district court, where the judge ordered that the integration of Central High would occur. The next day the same thing occurred, and the students weren't allowed to enter the school. The court finally ordered governor Faubus to remove the guardsman from the front of the building. On September 23, the nine students entered the school for the first time. The mob was furious that the students were allowed to enter their school, so the students had to be escorted to school by policemen everyday. Eight of the students stayed at Central High until the end of the year. One of the students was expelled for dumping chili on a students head because she was being harassed. Ernest Greene became the first black to graduate from Central. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. came to his graduation ceremony. The other students had to attend schools the next year because voters chose to close all four of Little Rock's High schools to prevent any more desegregation efforts. __Montgomery Bus Boycott:__ Rosa Park was an African American woman who was arrested for refusing to give up her seat to a white person. This intern caused the Montgomery Bus Boycott, which was the African American's refusal to ride city buses in Montgomery, Alabama because of racial segregation on public transportation. This caused a huge financial deficit because African Americans were the primary paying customers. This protest lasted from December 1, 1955 to December 20, 1956, when a federal ruling, Browder v. Gayle, took effect, and led to a court decision that declared the Alabama and Montgomery laws requiring segregated buses to be unconstitutional
 * Brown v. Board of __Education__ (1954)
 * Little Rock Nine (1957)
 * Montgomery Bus __Boycott__ (1955)

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">2. Which of the following made segregation illegal <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">A. Plessey V Ferguson B. Brown V Board of Education <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">C. ERA <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">D. 20th Amendment

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">3. What court case did Brown v. Board of Education overturn? <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">A. Roe v. Wade <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">B. Texas v. Johnson C. Plessy v. Ferguson <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">D. Gideon v. Wainwright <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">E. Dred Scott v. Sanford

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">4. Purposely defying a law to challenge an unjust law is known as. <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">A. containment <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">B. planned __obsolescence__ <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">C. soul force D. civil disobedience <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">E. freedom ride

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">5. Which of the following was NOT used by African Americans desiring equality in the period following World War II to 1960? <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">A. Calls for widespread violent demonstrations and responses by Blacks to mistreatments. <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">B. nonviolent sit-ins in places where segregation was taking place. <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">C. boycotts to economically hurt racist white businesses <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">D. formation of Civil Rights groups (to organize grass root efforts (freedom rides, marches, etc.) <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">E. Groups like the NAACP used the courts as a means to change racist policies. They brought a series of cases demanding equal treatment.

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">6. What were the positive social and cultural changes of the 1960s? ANSWER:

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The upside to the cultural change would be the fight that the youth had for civil rights and other political ideas. They had a voice and they wanted to let America hear it loud and clear. Teenagers from all over America were standing up in what they believe in. Even if what they believe in was wrong or extreme, it was still something that they believed in. Through music and movies, the “cool” thing to do was to stand up for deeper meanings and not shallow and petty problems. An example of this is the songs of the Beatles who were wildly popular in the 1960’s. Also, songs like ”War, what is it good for” by Edwin Starr and “For what its Worth” by Buffalo Springfield were an example of an active culture. ======

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">7. What were the negative social and cultural changes of the 1960s? ANSWER: The downside to the cultural change in the 1960’s were the mainly the drugs that were brought in and wildly accepted into the youth. The “British Invasion” (which included the Beatles and The Who) was the musicians from England who truly brought on the popularity of the drugs. Songs like “Lucie In the Sky with Diamonds” (LSD) by the Beatles only scratches the surface of the songs infused with drug related lyrics. It was wildly popular. One of the mottos for the 1960’s youth was “if it feels good, do it.” This is just a small example of the declination of the morals.

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">8. What domestic and foreign challenges were facing the U.S. at the start of the 1960s? ANSWER: __Foreign__ - Fear of the spread of Communism, especially in in Cuba where Fidel castro established a Communist Style dictatorship with ties to the Soviet Union. - Construction of the Belrin Wall seperating East and West Germany - Fear of nuclear war... Cuban Missile Crisis in 1963

__Domestic__ - Rising Unemployment - Rising Inflation - __Stock Market__ Decline: on May 28, 1962 the Dow Jones average fell 35 points--- the largest drop in a single day since October 1929 - Poverty--- many people living in rural areas and minority groups faced with discriminatory hiring practices were living in complete poverty (no everyone benefited from the affluence of the 1950's) - Racism

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">9. The thirteen-day Cuban missile crisis of 1962 <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">A. brought the world’s two superpowers dangerously close to nuclear war. <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">B. followed the accidental firing of a missile at the U.S. Guantanamo naval base. <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">C. weakened President Kennedy’s international standing. <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">D. ended with Fidel Castro’s promise to hold democratic elections in Cuba.

<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">10.In response to finding Soviet missile sites in Cuba, JFK <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">A. blockaded the island of Cuba <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">B. orders the Bay of Pigs invasion <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">C. launched attacks on the missile sites <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">D. sank a number of Russian ships

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">11. What were President Kennedy’s motivations for increasing involvement in Vietnam? ANSWER: JFK was always a strong believer in the containment of Communism. And JFK's belief was that by the "domino effect" the neighboring countries would also fall to Communism if South Vietnam was to fall. So JFK's motivation was to contain communism and to provide help for the South Vietnamese soldiers in order to ensure the safety of the U.S.A. from Communism.

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">12. What were the major accomplishments of LBJ’s Great Society? ANSWER: When Johnson took office he promised to put Kennedy's practice into effect. He told friends that civil rights legislation would finish what Abraham Lincoln had started. Southern senetors began a delaying tactic known as filibuster which lasted 83 days. This tacted is when politicians speak on a bill endlessly in order to stop it ever coming up in a vote. Some bills that did pass had and still have a big influence on Americans including medicare, which is a national health insurance for people over age 65. And Medicaid, which is a program that provides free health care to the needy. Some other big accomplishments were the war on poverty to attempt to end the poverty in the US. Junding for education, Elementary and secondary education act of 1965 provided 1.3 billion in aid to schools in poor areas. Also the Urban renewal and housing assistance, department of housing and urban development oversaw federal housing programs. And finally quality of life, supported the national endowment for the arts, National endowment for th ehumanities, and created the corporation fo rpublic broadcasting which offered educational television programming.

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">13. Johnson’s Great Society contained <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">A. The War on Poverty <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">B. Medicare <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">C. Medicaid <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">D. all of the above

<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">14.How did the Kennedy and Johnson administrations exemplify a liberal vision of federal government? ANSWER: This liberal vision to support the Civil Rights of ALL American citizens was made evident when JFK proposed the Civil Rights act. This was to help the minority groups that suffered from descrimination. The bill was not passed before his assasination, so LBJ took it upon himself to make sure that this bill was passed. LBJ's office was in many ways just a continuation of the JFK administration. JFK and LBJ saw eye-to-eye in many instances and that is one reason that the Civil Rights bill was able to eventually be passed.

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">15. What difficulties did JFK face in getting civil rights legislation passed? ANSWER: JFK had difficulty because the republicans didn't have this liberal vision that he had. Many of JFK's propositions were shut down immediately by the government, but because JFK was willing to compromise on many of these issues, the legislation eventually was passed by LBJ. But this was all made possible because JFK saw that in order to pass this, he had to be willing to change some of his legislation to agree with the republicans that were in office.

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">16. Explain the Gulf of Tonkin incident and its significance to American foreign policy? How did LBJ respond to the incident? What considerations, domestic and international, contributed to his course of action? ANSWER: The gulf of Tonkin incident occurred in August 1964, when north Vietnamese warships reportedly attacked thwo US warships (Maddox and Turner Joy) on two separate occasions in the gulf of Tonkin, a body of water next to Vietnam. President Johnson claimed that the US did nothing to provoke these two attacks and that North Vietnam was the agressor. In response to the president's reports Congress passed the Tonkin Gulf Resolutionwhich gave the president authority to take all necessary meausres to repel and armed attack against forces of the US. In reality the Maddox had been spying on North Vietnam for the SOuth Vietnamese and fired the first shots, and the Turner Joy was never actually attacked(faulty intelligence). However, the false reports were a great success in securing Johnson's power to expand the war. Congress gave up power to declare war on other countries

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">17. What was LBJ’s strategy for the war in Vietnam? Why wasn’t this strategy successful? ANSWER: LBJ relied on air power to secure a quick victory in Vietnam. In March 1965 he launched Operation rolling Thunder, this was a bombing campaign against military targets in the North meant to weaken the enemys will to fight. Air raids targeted the Ho Chi Minh Trail, a network of jungle paths that the North Vietnamese used to bring weapons and supplies down to the troops in South Vietnam. Some bombs they dropped were Napalm- caused firebombs Cluster bombs- spraye dmetal fragments when they exploded Defoliants- chemicals that striped the land of vegetation in and effort to expose the jungle and supply routes the North Vietnamese used. These were later found to cause many deadly diseases. Agent Orange It neverworked however due to the Vietcong's ability to repair the transportation and bridges And Vietcong built many facilities underground to prevent them being destroyed by bombs

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">18. The item that gave President Lyndon Johnson to use whatever means necessary to win the Vietnam War? <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">A. The Tet Offensive <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">B. The Emancipation Vietnamization <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">C. The Viet Cong Conclusion <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">D. The Gulf of Tonkin Bill of Rights-after the accident President Johnson asked for the authority to declare war and escalade the war in Vietnam <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">E. The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">19.The Viet Cong were: <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">A. Japanese immigrants from Hong Kong who provided the South Vietnamese with weapons and technology <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">B. Vietnamese people who fought on the American side C. an underground guerilla army formed by North Vietnam <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">D. a type of Vietnamese soldier for south Vietnam <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">E. a grenade made by Japanese immigrants from Hong Kong