H910-1970s


 * 1970s PRESENTATIONS **
 * All information, evidence, and materials from the presentation must be uploaded to this wiki.
 * Effectively present in-depth information that meets YOUR learning target(s).
 * Explain YOUR cultural topic(s) and how/why they are significant to the decade
 * Presentation must be **creative and unique**, allowing the audience to **experience** the decade (do not rely solely on a PowerPoint presentation)
 * Information (pertaining to YOUR learning targets) is presented in a creative, unique, well-organized and easy to understand format.
 * Presentation includes pictures, tables, interviews, and artifacts that are thoroughly explained and help the viewer understand YOUR learning target(s) and cultural topic(s).

===DIRECTIONS FOR INSERTING CONTENT (if more than one person in your group is using PowerPoint, Prezi, Glogster, etc. then you MUST combine the presentations and upload only one file) ===

1. SAVE the file to your computer (to your desktop or another folder)2. Click on the button in the center of the editing tool bar.3. Click on "Upload Files" button4. Locate your file on your computer and click "Choose"5. Click on the image that you have just uploaded and it will immediately be placed in your document.

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 * 1970s ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS: **
 * All questions on the Assessment Question sheet are included and answered correctly and thoroughly on this wiki page.
 * Thoroughly explains the answers to the questions related to his/her learning targets.
 * Answers are supplemented by examples, images, char

**1.** What issues influenced Americans’ opinions of the War in Vietnam? ANSWER:Maxwell Taylor "first, we didn't know ourselves. We thought that we were going into another Korean War, but this was a different country. Secondly, we didn't know our South Vietnamese allies... And we knew less about North Vietnam. Who has Ho Chi Minh? Nobody really knew. So, until we know the enemy and know our allies and know ourselves, we'd better keep out of this dirty business. It's very dangerous." The Americans were not even sure about the Vietnamese government. They did not know the leader, they did not even know if we were against their government for a particular reason. The most common question was why is the US even getting involved?

2. “Doves” opposed the war in Vietnam on the following grounds A. Vietnam was not crucial to national security

B. fear that the U.S. would resort to using nuclear weapons in Vietnam C. the U.S. was fighting against the wishes of the majority of Vietnamese. D. all war is wrong E. all of the above

3. One of the practical reasons for protesting the Vietnam War was the belief that A. the war could not be won B. no country has the right to interfere in the government of another C. the Vietnamese people had suffered unfairly D. the logic driving the Cold War was fundamentally unsound.

4. What were the results of the Vietnam War? ANSWER: 1973- US forces pulled out and the American prisoners were freed. Two years later, the North prevailed and Vietnam came back together as one. US toll: 58,000 dead; 350,000 casualties. Vietnam toll: 1-2 million deaths. Longest war in US history.

5. Why did the United States reject North Vietnam’s peace plan in October 1972? A. it called for a pullout of all foreign troops B. it called for the United States to take full blame for the war C. it did not include plans for a cease fire D. it would have meant a loss of power for South Vietnam’s president

6. Richard Nixon's strategy for ending American involvement in the Vietnam War entailed A. immediate withdrawal of all American combat troops and a formal surrender B. __turning the war over to the South Vietnamese army after an appropriate period of military training__ C. involving the United Nations in a peacekeeping role before American withdrawal from the region D. using nuclear weapons to weaken the North Vietnamese prior to American withdrawal E. giving the North American Treaty Organization primary responsibility for continuing the war against the communists in the North

7. Describe the long-term significance of the war in Vietnam. ANSWER: 57,000 American casualties, 300,000 soldiers were wounded. This war showed that while America was technologically advanced, it did not ensure an American victory. Also, the American public was more hesitant to support another large scale American combat force. An American large combat force wasn't seen until 1991 in the Persian Gulf War. Many of the war vets developed PTSD, and thousands of others where left unable to find work because of injuries. Many veterans developed cancer do to excess exposure to Agent Orange and other chemical weapons.Vietnam became a united Communist independent country. Neutral countries such as Laos and Cambodia had been negatively influence and heavily damaged by the war. The domino theory that many had predicted did not happen however, and all of Southeast Asia did not become communists. Americans were enraged that the government had purposefully misled them about the events of the war.

8. What were President Nixon’s foreign policy achievements and mistakes?

ANSWER: One of Nixon's foreign policy achievements would be his removal of American soldiers from Vietnam. Another achievement would be his opening trade with China. He also went to China and built up a friendly relationship with China's communist ruler. The last achievement would be when he eased tension between The U.S and the Soviet Union by signing an agreement that would ensure that each side would not use nuclear weapons. One of Nixon's foreign policy mistakes would be his authorizing of the invasion and bombing of Cambodia, a neutral country. This cause Cambodia to be pulled into the war and because of this the country's countryside was damaged dramatically. Another mistake would be the policy Vietnamization. This policy called for the U.S forces to slowly leave South vietnam and the effects of this plan were that the city of Saigon fell to north vietnam forces and the eventual unification of Vietnam into a whole communist country.

9. One of President Nixon's most important diplomatic initiatives was to A. reunite Vietnam

B. open diplomatic relations between China and the United States. C. establish a forum for discussions of human rights D. pressure China to recognize Taiwan E. end the Cold War

10.Why and how did Republican President Richard Nixon expand the liberal reforms of previous administrations? ANSWER: When Nixon was elected into office, he had to make many changes. The rates of inflation and unemployment had grown steadily and Nixon was worried about being re-elected for another term. This led him to impose temporary freezes on prices, rents and wages, to help improve the economic crisis that the U.S was going through. This method of his worked; However, when he eased control inflation shot up again, its highest at 12% in 1974.

11.What was the Arab oil embargo of 1973? How did it negatively affect the U.S.? ANSWER: The oil embargo of 1973 was the cessation of oil exports from Arab states to the U.S and Some Western European countries that had supplied the Israeli military as a result of American support of Israel during the 1973 Yom Kippur War. This decreased the amount of crude oil and petroleum products available to American businesses. This forced the U.S to develop large-scale conservation efforts to reduce their dependence on foreign oil. The U.S also began to look into domestic oil exploration. Although the embargo only lasted 5 months, it continued to affect oil prices until the end of 1985, when the per-barrel cost of oil finally began to moderate. During the embargo the price of electricity and gasoline was so high that many people had to go without them.

12.How did the American people respond to the Watergate scandal? Previously, presidents had been thought of as representing America and all that it stands for. Upon closer inspection of Nixon and his illegal theft activities, most Americans did not want him to stand for their values, and separated what they believed and what most Americans believed from what the American president believed. This was an irrevocable change in how the presidency was viewed.

13.The Watergate scandal reshaped the relationship between politicians and the media. Nixon's cover-up of his own involvement in the scandal resulted in A. his impeachment B. his resignation C. a demonstration of how the three branches of government work together for the same political goal D. the loss of the trust of the American people and a Democratic landslide in the next general elections E. All of the above

14.Why were the Equal Rights Amendment and the policy of affirmative action such c ontroversial topics in the 1970s? Affirmative action was designed to prevent discrimination against employees on the basis of color, religion, gender, or national origin. Supporters justified their belief by saying the policy is counteracting the effects of Affirmative action was designed to prevent discrimination against employees on the basis of color, religion, gender, or national origin. Supporters justified their belief by saying the policy is counteracting the effects of America's discriminatory history. Those who opposed the policy argued that it is "reverse" discrimination after colleges began to adopt racial and gender quotas.

The Equal Rights Amendment is short and simple: "Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States, or any state on account of sex." Supporters of the amendment firmly believed every man and women of any race should have equal rights and opportunity in society. Many opposed the amendment because they did not want integrated facilities and a rise in female status on the social hierarchy. The Equal Rights Amendment was specifically opposed by; both male and female Southern whites who were of the; Christian, Mormon, Jewish, or Catholic religion because it defied some of the beliefs in their religion. Those who opposed the policy argued that it is "reverse" discrimination after colleges began to adopt racial and gender quotas.

15.The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) was defeated because A. Congress would not pass it B. it was held to be unconstitutional. C. not enough state legislatures passed it. (Only 35 of the required 38 states voted in favor) D. Betty Friedan opposed it E. Richard Nixon vetoed it. 16.How and why did the energy crisis and the Middle East pose significant challenges for President Carter?

Energy Crisis: During Carter's term, actions of the OPEC (Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries) oil company raised their oil prices from $13 to $34 per barrel. This resulted in inflation because America was so dependent oil. The "oil price shock" has been regarded as the first event since the Great Depression to have a significant effect on the economy.

Middle East: After the Shah of Iran was overthrown and forced to flee Iran, Carter allowed the Shah to enter the U.S. where he received cancer treatment. This enraged Muslim fundamentalists back in Iran who hated the Shah. In response to America's hospitality, Islamic students seized 36 Americans and took them as hostages. Carter tried to freeze billions of dollars of Iranian assets, and then began secret negotiations, but nothing worked. Americans and Iranians grew angry towards on another. Carter finally approved a secret rescue mission, but it failed miserably and ended up damaging Carter's political career. Carter's approval rating drastically dropped the next year when he was up for a re-election.

17.In response to the nation’s dependence on foreign oil, President Carter established the A. Department of Energy B. Department of Health and Services C. Energy Protection Agency D. Bureau of Energy Conservation

18.The U.S. economy in the late 1970s was characterized by all of the following EXCEPT A. low interest rates B. oil shortages and increased oil prices C. massive layoffs of workers D. runaway inflation rates E. recession