Z910-1960s


 * 1960s PRESENTATIONS **
 * All information, evidence, and materials from the presentation must be uploaded to this wiki.
 * Effectively present in-depth information that meets YOUR learning target(s).
 * Explain YOUR cultural topic(s) and how/why they are significant to the decade
 * Presentation must be **creative and unique**, allowing the audience to **experience** the decade (do not rely solely on a PowerPoint presentation)
 * Information (pertaining to YOUR learning targets) is presented in a creative, unique, well-organized and easy to understand format.
 * Presentation includes pictures, tables, interviews, and artifacts that are thoroughly explained and help the viewer understand YOUR learning target(s) and cultural topic(s).

DIRECTIONS FOR INSERTING CONTENT (if more than one person in your group is using PowerPoint, Prezi, Glogster, etc. then you MUST combine the presentations and upload only one file)
1. SAVE the file to your computer (to your desktop or another folder)2. Click on the button in the center of the editing tool bar.3. Click on "Upload Files" button4. Locate your file on your computer and click "Choose"5. Click on the image that you have just uploaded and it will immediately be placed in your document.

= INSERT ALL CONTENT FOR PRESENTATION HERE: =

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 * 1960s ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS: **
 * All questions on the Assessment Question sheet are included and answered correctly and thoroughly on this wiki page.
 * Thoroughly explains the answers to the questions related to his/her learning targets.
 * Answers are supplemented by examples, images, charts and/or graphs.

1. What were the roots of the civil rights movement? ANSWER: * Brown vs. Board: Supre Court case that declared separate public schools for black and white students were unconstitutional. The unanimous decision stated that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal."
 * Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
 * Little Rock Nine (1957)
 * Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955)

* Little Rock Nine: This in involved a group of African American students enrolled in Little Rock Central High School in 1957. Arkansas Governor, Orval Faubus, who ordered The Arkansas National Guard to the school to forbid their entrance, and intentionally prevented the students from entering the all white school. President Eisenhower intervened in the crisis at the request of the mayor of Little Rock, sending in the federal troops tp enforce the integration.

* Montgomery Bus Boycott: This was a protest of African Americans refusing to ride the cities buses. This began in Montgomery, Alabama in 1955 to oppose the cities policy of racial segregation on public transportation. This caused a huge financial deficit for the Montgomery public transportation system, as African Americans were the primary paying customers. Th campaign lasted from Dec. 1, 1955, when Rosa Parks, was arrested for refusing to to give her seat to a white person, to Dec. 20, 1956, when a federal ruling, Browder vs. Gayle, took effect. This led to States Supreme Court decision that declared the Alabama and Montgomery laws requiring segregated buses to be unconstitutional

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">2. Which of the following made segregation illegal <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">A. Plessey V Ferguson <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">B. Brown V Board of Education <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">C. ERA <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">D. 20th Amendment

Answer: B

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">3. What court case did Brown v. Board of Education overturn? <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">A. Roe v. Wade <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">B. Texas v. Johnson <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">C. Plessy v. Ferguson <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">D. Gideon v. Wainwright <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">E. Dred Scott v. Sanford

Answer: C

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">4. Purposely defying a law to challenge an unjust law is known as. <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">A. containment <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">B. planned obsolescence <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">C. soul force <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">D. civil disobedience <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">E. freedom ride

Answer: D

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">5. Which of the following was NOT used by African Americans desiring equality in the period following World War II to 1960? <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">A. Calls for widespread violent demonstrations and responses by Blacks to mistreatments. <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">B. nonviolent sit-ins in places where segregation was taking place. <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">C. boycotts to economically hurt racist white businesses <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">D. formation of Civil Rights groups (to organize grass root efforts (freedom rides, marches, etc.) <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">E. Groups like the NAACP used the courts as a means to change racist policies. They brought a series of cases demanding equal treatment.

Answer: A

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">6. What were the positive social and cultural changes of the 1960s? ANSWER: •**Older Americans Act-**Government must provide the elderly with adequate income and medical care •**Children’s Defense Fund-**Focused on helping the poor and minority children and providing health insurance for children •**Education for Handicapped Children Act-**Required public schools to provide education for all children with physical or mental disabilities

•**Rehabilitation Act-**Forbade discrimination in jobs, education, and housing
==== •**Civil Rights Act of 1964-**Banned discrimination in employment and public accommodations mainly for African Americans and women signed by President Johnson.The act outlawed segregation in businesses such as theaters, restaurants, and hotels. It banned discriminatory practices in employment and ended segregation in public places such as swimming pools, libraries, and public schools.House opposition bottled up the bill in the House Rules Committee. In the Senate, opponents attempted to talk the bill to death in a filibuster. ====

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<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">7. What were the negative social and cultural changes of the 1960s? ANSWER: <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">•In the same decade MLK and JFK were both shot and killed <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">•American Indians, African Americans, and other racial groups faced large amounts of discrimination <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">•Urban cities were filled with mixtures of blacks and whites triggering violence <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">•San Fransicos “Flower Children” also known as Hippies promoted the “Tune it, turn on, and drop out” theory hoping to change society by dropping out of government intervention and schools to adopt a new lifestyle including experimenting with “psychedelic drugs” <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">•Drug addiction was at an all time high with more than 48% of Americans experimenting. Hippies influenced the buying, selling, and use of marijuana, while kids living in the ghettos were often addicted to heroin <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">•Syphilis and Gonorrhea infected nearly 276,000 people in the United States. Nearly 60% were females. Those are only 2 of the sexually transmitted diseases that were on the rise

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">8. What domestic and foreign challenges were facing the U.S. at the start of the 1960s? ANSWER: Domestic: <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">•In 1960 the unemployment level was at an all time high of 10% from its usual 4%. Inflation began to fall as a result of the increasing unemployment rate <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">•Racism was an everyday battle between the white and colored people at that time in America. Media and propaganda were used to try and persuade people to live prejudice and segregated lifestyles. <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">•Poverty affected many U.S. householdsbecause wages for low-skill workers declined, leading to more households headed by single women and more immigrants arriving in the U.S. with little to no education <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">•The stock market was at a major decline as Dow Jones one of Americas most highly invested stocks fell 35 points in the spring of 1962. That was the largest fall since the fall of 1929. <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Foreign: <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">•Fidel Castro established a dictatorship in Cuba in 1961 establishing a Communist party with ties to the USSR •Construction of the Berlin Wall separating East and West Germany <span style="color: #ff0000; display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: left;">•"Nuclear catastrophe was hanging by a thread ... and we weren't counting days or hours, but minutes.“ –Soviet General•In 1962 the Soviets were behind the US in arms race. The US missiles were capable of destroying all of the Soviet Union. The Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev conceived the idea of placing intermediate-range missiles in Cuba. A deployment in Cuba that would double the Soviet strategic arsenal and provide a real deterrent to a potential U.S. attack against the Soviet Union. Kennedy later was informed of the missile installations and organized an “Ex-Comm” to handle the crisis. Kennedy eventually ordered low level missions once every two hours. On the 25th day Kennedy pulled the quarantine line back and raised military readiness. Then on the 26th EX-COMM heard from Khrushchev in an impassioned letter. He proposed removing Soviet missiles and personnel if the U.S. would guarantee not to invade Cuba. October 27 was the worst day of the crisis. A U-2 was shot down over Cuba and EX-COMM received a second letter from Khrushchev demanding the removal of U.S. missiles in Turkey in exchange for Soviet missiles in Cuba. On the 28th of October tensions were at ease. <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">9. The thirteen-day Cuban missile crisis of 1962 <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">A. brought the world’s two superpowers dangerously close to nuclear war. <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">The Cuban missile crisis marked a historic turning point in U.S.-Soviet relations. <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">A U-2 was shot down over Cuba on October 27th and EX-COMM (Kennedys group of 12 members handling the crisis) received a second letter from Khrushchev (the Soviet leader)demanding the removal of U.S. missiles in Turkey in exchange for Soviet missiles in Cuba.

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">B. followed the accidental firing of a missile at the U.S. Guantanamo naval base. <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">C. weakened President Kennedy’s international standing. <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">D. ended with Fidel Castro’s promise to hold democratic elections in Cuba.

<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">10.In response to finding Soviet missile sites in Cuba, JFK <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">A. blockaded the island of Cuba The US announced that it would not permit offensive weapons to be delivered to Cuba and demanded that the Soviets dismantle the missile bases already under construction or completed in Cuba and remove all offensive weapons. <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">B. orders the Bay of Pigs invasion <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">C. launched attacks on the missile sites <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">D. sank a number of Russian ships

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">11. What were President Kennedy’s motivations for increasing involvement in Vietnam? ANSWER: Kennedy was aware of the Domino Theory. He felt that if Vietnam became a Communistic country then other Asian countries would follow suit and fall to Communism as well; hence the reason this was named the Domino Theory. If we failed in Vietnam, Kennedy felt that it would effect America just as negatively as it would effect Vietnam. America would most likely lose most of its trustworthiness with its allies. Failure in Vietnam would also lead to many American citizens losing trust in the success of the government and putting our troops in danger.

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">12. What were the major accomplishments of LBJ’s Great Society?

ANSWER: Johnson created numerous new acts to help fight his "war on poverty" in America. He created Medicare, Medicaid, and signed off on civil rights (Civil Rights Act of 1964). He also helped improve forestation, literacy in schools and pollution control. Everyone was considered in this reform agenda. Immigrants were no longer allowed to become citizens based on quotas, schools were given much needed funding, low- income housing was created and struggling communities were given necessary funding.

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">13. Johnson’s Great Society contained <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">A. The War on Poverty <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">B. Medicare <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">C. Medicaid <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">D. all of the above

Johnson's Great Society was a plan to improve the state of poverty in which the U.S. seemed to be stuck in. The "War on poverty" was a huge list of varying acts and laws to better the country. Of the many, Medicare and Medicaid were created to help elderly in the U.S. once they've reached retirement.

<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">14.How did the Kennedy and Johnson administrations exemplify a liberal vision of federal government? ANSWER:

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">15. What difficulties did JFK face in getting civil rights legislation passed? ANSWER:

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">16. Explain the Gulf of Tonkin incident and its significance to American foreign policy? How did LBJ respond to the incident? What considerations, domestic and international, contributed to his course of action? ANSWER: - Occurred in August 1964, when North Vietnamese warships reportedly attacked two United States warships (Maddox and Turner Joy) on two separate occasions in the Gulf of Tonkin, a body of water neighboring Vietnam. Johnson claimed that the U.S. did nothing to provoke these two attacks and that North Vietnam was the aggressor. In response to the President's reports, Congress passed the Tonkin Gulf Resolution which gave the president authority to "take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against forces of the United States ( See Q #18). - The Maddox had been spying on North Vietnam for the South Vietnamese and fired the first shots, and the Turner Joy was never actually attacked (faulty intelligence). However, the false reports were successful in securing Johnson the power to expand the war. By passing the resolution, Congress gave up its constitutional power to declare war.

<--- USS Maddox <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">17. What was LBJ’s strategy for the war in Vietnam? Why wasn’t this strategy successful? ANSWER: - Johnson relied on air power to secure a quick victory in Vietnam. In March of 1965 he launched Operation Rolling Thunder, a bombing campaign against military targets in the North meant to weaken the enemy's will to fight. Air raids targeted the Ho Chi Minh Trail- a network of jungle paths that the North Vietnamese used to bring weapons and supplies into South Vietnam. -Dropped: - Napalm-- caused firebombs - Cluster Bombs -- sprayed metal fragments when they exploded - Defoliants -- chemicals that strip the land of vegetation in an effort to expose jungle supply routes and destroy the Vietcong food supply - Agent Orange -- code name for one of the herbicides and defoliants used in herbicidal warfare - WHY WASN'T THIS SUCCESSFUL? - The Vietcong quickly repaired essential lines of transportation - The Vietcong built many underground facilities

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">18. The item that gave President Lyndon Johnson to use whatever means necessary to win the Vietnam War? <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">A. The Tet Offensive <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">B. The Emancipation Vietnamization <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">C. The Viet Cong Conclusion <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">D. The Gulf of Tonkin Bill of Rights <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">E. The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

After the Gulf of Tonkin incident, Johnson was advised to increase U.S. commitment in South Vietnam before conflict with North Vietnam occurred. Johnson wanted to get congressional backing before making any decision. He asked Congress to authorize the use of military force "to prevent further aggression." Both houses passed The Tonkin Gulf Resolution. This gave the president authority to take "all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against forces of the U.S.

<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;">19.The Viet Cong were: <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">A. Japanese immigrants from Hong Kong who provided the South Vietnamese with weapons and technology <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">B. Vietnamese people who fought on the American side <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">C. an underground guerilla army formed by North Vietnam <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">D. a type of Vietnamese soldier for south Vietnam <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">E. a grenade made by Japanese immigrants from Hong Kong